Hi, JD01, and welcome to VeggieViews. Congrats on your veg*n efforts! You are making a great choice.
Regarding your questions, some of this can be attributed to one's motivation for going veggie. I will preface my suggestions with the fact that everyone is different, and different things work for different people.
I haven't had a meat craving since I gave it up almost 25 years ago, seriously. My initial motivation was health, but as I learned about the atrocities inherent in the production of dead flesh, and knowing that some poor creature would have to die to satisfy my tastebuds, I had no cravings whatsoever, and I still don't. It's a mindset for me, I guess. I can't look at a cow or a chicken or a pig and think "food." I think "sweet animals who don't deserve to be tortured for my tastebuds." If you can get through the films "Earthlings" and "Meet Your Meat," you won't have a lot of cravings, trust me. I couldn't finish "Earthlings" because I was sobbing throughout. And just my two cents on "ethical" or "happy" meat: The animal still has to die, so for me, that is deal-breaker.
If you are motivated by health, there are a wealth of studies and books out there that hold that meat isn't really all that great for humans. It's not bad in small doses, but humans don't really need all the meat they eat. The China Study (which espouses a vegan diet) is a good read. The film "Forks Over Knives" is also worth watching.
As far as protein replacements go, veggie meats are a good way to help you transition. You say you eat a healthy diet, so you might not be thrilled with the processed nature of them, but they work in a pinch when you want a meaty texture or flavor. Really, a lot of people's desire for meat is based more on the sauces and spices used to prepare it, rather than the meat itself. It's not as if people eat it plain all the time. Some good ones I have tried are Tofurky sausages and kielbasa links; Gardein 7-grain (faux chicken) tenders, fishless filets and black bean burgers (Gardein is a bit pricy, but they do a good job with texture and taste, and they are filling); and Boca vegan chik'n patties (they are great in a bun). Seitan is also a great substitute for meat-like dishes. It comes in many forms and textures, from slices to crumbles. I have actually taken to making my own because you can flavor it up so many ways. If you like tofu, incorporate that into stir-fries. It's great marinated and baked as well. There are a few tricks to getting it to absorb flavor, but once you get the hang of it, it's a piece of cake. Other great protein options are beans: kidney beans, black beans, chickpeas, etc. Veggie chilis are easy to make and really filling. You can also add seitan or tofu to them if you want even more protein, but a good veggie chili is really satisfying.
Regarding options outside the home: This one will require you to become better at being prepared if you really don't want to be frustrated all the time when you're out and about (it's even worse for vegans, like me
). That said, things have improved greatly as far as finding a veggie option, say, at a rest stop. Sabra puts out a snack-size hummus and pretzels cup that you can find just about anywhere now, even in the gas station convenience stores. Still, being prepared is your best bet for those times when a bag of chips or a salad just won't cut it. I often carry protein bars (I try to find ones that don't have loads of sugar, but it's hard) like Clif Builder or the regular Clif bars if I know I'm going to end up somewhere with few veggie options. I keep a cooler in my car for packed lunches. I love peanut butter, so I'll make peanut butter sandwiches or bring crackers for peanut butter and crackers. I often will take half a portion of the previous night's dinner for lunch. Dried fruit is also a great thing to have on hand. It's tasty and filling, as are nuts. I keep pistachios or peanuts or almonds on hand. At work, there are always meetings with free lunches, but I rarely get to indulge, so I make sure I have an awesome lunch for that day. I'm lucky that I love to cook, so I usually have good lunches.
Also, this site has a great recipe section and tips for new vegetarians on everything from navigating a restaurant menu to traveling as a veg*n (short for vegetarian or vegan). One tip I always give new veg*ns is don't be afraid to ask wait staff questions about the menu and even getting a tasty veggie meal that's not on the menu. Many places will accommodate you if they aren't crazy-busy. I recently got a chef to whip up a veggie wrap that was out of this world! I told them they should consider putting it on their menu, it was that good. With the internet, you can also find menus online to help you decide whether there will be something for you to eat. It's always good to check ahead if you can. I often email restaurants to ask about ingredients in their breads and meals, just to make sure they don't have animal products in them. It really is about preparation, and if you want it badly enough, you'll do what you need to do.
I hope this doesn't sound too daunting. Just take it step by step and learn as you go. Oh, and there are lots of books out there that give good advice to becoming a veg*n. Take a spin on this site, as there are lots of recommendations.
Once again, welcome!